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The world’s largest cities in 2025 Based on Population
The world’s largest cities in 2025 Based on Population

As urbanization continues to reshape the world, cities are growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2025, the global urban landscape will be dominated by massive metropolitan areas housing tens of millions of people.

But what exactly defines a city?

The answer varies depending on whether one considers urban populations, consolidated urban areas, agglomerations, or conglomerations. Regardless of classification, these cities serve as economic, cultural, and political powerhouses that drive global development.

1. Guangzhou, China (70.1 million)

Guangzhou
Guangzhou

Guangzhou takes the top spot as the world's largest city by urban population, including the surrounding areas of Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, and Zhongshan. Its rapid economic expansion, strong industrial base, and global trade networks have fueled its remarkable growth. As a key manufacturing and technology hub, Guangzhou is a cornerstone of China's economic power.

2. Tokyo, Japan (41.0 million)

Tokyo remains one of the largest agglomerations, encompassing Chiba, Kawasaki, Maebashi, Sagamihara, Saitama, Utsunomiya, and Yokohama. Known for its technological advancements and dense urban planning, Tokyo balances its immense population with efficient infrastructure and economic might.

3. Shanghai, China (40.8 million)

Shanghai
Shanghai

Shanghai's rapid urbanization has solidified its status as one of the world's largest cities. Including Changshu, Changzhou, Suzhou, and Wuxi, its urban population benefits from a strong financial sector, robust transportation networks, and a booming real estate market.

4. Delhi, India (34.6 million)

Delhi's conglomeration, which includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, and Gurugram, continues to expand due to high birth rates and migration. As India’s political and economic center, Delhi faces significant challenges related to pollution, congestion, and housing shortages.

5. Jakarta, Indonesia (29.2 million)

Jakarta, including Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Tangerang Selatan, is growing rapidly despite environmental concerns such as flooding and land subsidence. Plans to relocate Indonesia’s capital highlight the city’s overburdened infrastructure.

6. Manila, Philippines (27.2 million)

Manila's expansion includes Caloocan and Quezon City, making it one of Southeast Asia’s most densely populated urban areas. Despite economic growth, traffic congestion and informal settlements remain critical issues.

7. Mumbai, India (27.1 million)

Mumbai, along with Bhiwandi, Kalyan, Thane, Ulhasnagar, and Vasai-Virar, serves as India’s financial capital. Its booming film industry, real estate, and commerce contrast with significant disparities in living standards.

8. Mexico City, Mexico (25.1 million)

With Nezahualcóyotl, Ecatepec, and Naucalpan included, Mexico City ranks among the world's largest consolidated urban areas. It remains a cultural and economic hub of Latin America, though air pollution and water shortages persist.

8. Seoul, South Korea (25.1 million)

Seoul, including Bucheon, Goyang, Incheon, Seongnam, and Suwon, is known for its technological innovation and efficient transportation systems. However, its aging population presents long-term economic challenges.

10. Cairo, Egypt (22.5 million)

Cairo's growth, incorporating Giza and Shubrā al-Khaymah, reflects its status as Africa’s most populous city. Urban planning struggles to keep up with population increases, resulting in housing and traffic issues.

10. Dhaka, Bangladesh (22.5 million)

Dhaka's rapid expansion contributes to its economic rise, though severe infrastructure and environmental challenges persist.

12. São Paulo, Brazil (22.1 million)

São Paulo, including Guarulhos, remains South America’s largest city, known for its diverse economy and vibrant cultural scene.

13. New York City, U.S. (22.0 million)

New York City
New York City

New York, encompassing Bridgeport, Newark, and New Haven, is the largest urban area in the U.S., serving as a global financial and cultural epicenter.

14. Beijing, China (21.2 million)

Beijing's strategic political importance and economic growth solidify its place among the world’s largest cities.

14. Bangkok, Thailand (21.2 million)

Bangkok continues to grow as a major tourism and business center in Southeast Asia.

16. Karachi, Pakistan (20.9 million)

Karachi remains Pakistan’s economic hub despite facing security and infrastructure challenges.

17. Lagos, Nigeria (20.7 million)

Lagos is Africa’s fastest-growing city, though its infrastructure struggles to keep pace.

18. Moscow, Russia (19.1 million)

Moscow City
Moscow City

Moscow's role as Russia’s political and economic capital ensures its continued urban expansion.

19. Kolkata, India (17.7 million)

Kolkata, including Haora, remains a cultural and economic center of Eastern India.

19. Ōsaka, Japan (17.7 million)

Osaka, including Himeji, Kōbe, Kyōto, and Sakai, continues to be a key economic hub in Japan.

21. Chengdu, China (17.3 million)

Chengdu’s rapid development cements its importance in China’s westward economic expansion.

22. Los Angeles, U.S. (17.2 million)

Los Angeles, including Anaheim and Riverside, remains a major entertainment and trade hub.

23. Buenos Aires, Argentina (16.7 million)

Buenos Aires continues to lead in South America’s economy and culture.

24. Tehran, Iran (16.5 million)

Tehran, including Karaj, faces rapid urban growth and significant infrastructural challenges.

25. Istanbul, Turkey (15.9 million)

Istanbul
Istanbul

Istanbul bridges Europe and Asia, making it a vital economic and cultural center.

Conclusion

The world’s largest cities in 2025 reflect the ongoing trends of urbanization, economic growth, and migration. While these metropolitan areas drive global commerce and innovation, they also face challenges related to infrastructure, housing, and environmental sustainability. As the population continues to concentrate in urban centers, effective planning and sustainable development will be crucial to maintaining livability and economic vitality.

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